The 10 most common code-level vulnerability classes, ranked by real-world data
MITRE's 2025 CWE Top 25 scored 39,080 CVEs — cross-site scripting still ranks #1, but Missing Authorization jumped five spots. Here's how to prevent each class.
Deep dives, practical guides, and incident analyses from engineers who build Safeguard. No fluff, no vendor FUD — just what you need to ship secure software.
MITRE's 2025 CWE Top 25 scored 39,080 CVEs — cross-site scripting still ranks #1, but Missing Authorization jumped five spots. Here's how to prevent each class.
In August 2023, Moq v4.20.0 quietly ran git config at build time and phoned home 10,356 times before anyone pulled it — via a dependency nobody vetted.
One Ray dashboard flaw let attackers hit hundreds of exposed AI servers. SBOM plus call-graph data is how you find every service that shares the exposure.
CVE-2025-59536 (CVSS 8.7) let a single malicious commit auto-approve MCP servers in Claude Code, no install click required. Registries need the same controls as package managers.
Keep-alive and HTTP/2 multiplexing cut handshake overhead but hold server resources open per connection — Slowloris and 2023's Rapid Reset attacks both exploited exactly that tradeoff.
CVE-2021-44228 scored a perfect CVSS 10.0 and hit CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities list the day it was published — the root cause hasn't gone away.
At DARPA's AIxCC finals in August 2025, AI systems patched 68% of vulnerabilities they found — up from 25% at semifinals. Here's how the approaches differ and why validation still matters most.
In April 2025, Invariant Labs showed a malicious MCP tool description could exfiltrate an SSH key — with zero suspicious code for a static scanner to flag.
LDAP injection is CWE-90, dates to the same root cause as SQL injection, and still shipped in production software as recently as CVE-2023-0476.
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