Vulnerability Analysis
In-depth guides and analysis on vulnerability analysis from the Safeguard engineering team.
577 articles
What is Directory Traversal
Directory traversal (CWE-22) lets attackers use ../ sequences to read or write files outside a web app's root directory. Here's how it works.
What is XML External Entity (XXE) Injection
XXE injection lets attackers abuse XML parsers to read files, trigger SSRF, or crash services. Here's how it works, real CVEs, and how to stop it.
Citrix Bleed 2 Implications: What CVE-2024-6235 Means for NetScaler Operators
CVE-2024-6235 was the followup to the original Citrix Bleed and exposed sensitive data from NetScaler ADC and Gateway appliances. The technical details and what changes.
What is Insecure Deserialization
Insecure deserialization (CWE-502) lets attackers turn untrusted object data into remote code execution. Here's how the attack works and how to stop it.
What is a Buffer Overflow
Buffer overflows have powered exploits from the 1988 Morris Worm to WannaCry. Here's how they work, why they persist, and how to stop them.
What is a Denial of Service (DoS) Attack
DoS attacks knock systems offline without stealing data. Learn how they work, real-world examples like Mirai and HTTP/2 Rapid Reset, and how to defend against them.
What is a DDoS Attack
A DDoS attack floods systems with botnet traffic until they collapse. See real Tbps records, the Rapid Reset CVE, and how to detect and mitigate one.
Juniper Router CVE-2025-21589: Authentication Bypass That Puts Network Perimeters at Risk
A critical authentication bypass in Juniper's Session Smart Router lets remote attackers hijack admin sessions. Here's what happened, why it matters, and what to do.
Microsoft Power Pages CVE-2025-24989: Privilege Escalation in Low-Code Platforms
Microsoft patched an actively exploited privilege escalation vulnerability in Power Pages, its low-code web platform. The flaw allowed unauthorized users to gain elevated access within affected sites.
What is a Man-in-the-Middle Attack
A man-in-the-middle attack lets adversaries intercept trusted connections -- from Wi-Fi logins to CI/CD package fetches -- with real-world cases and defenses.
What is Privilege Escalation
Privilege escalation turns a minor foothold into a full breach. Learn the techniques, real-world examples, and how to detect and stop it.
What is Broken Access Control
Broken access control is OWASP's #1 web risk, found in 94% of apps tested. See how IDOR flaws breached First American, USPS, and Parler.
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