Vulnerability Analysis
In-depth guides and analysis on vulnerability analysis from the Safeguard engineering team.
577 articles
What is CVSS (Common Vulnerability Scoring System)
CVSS scores rate vulnerability severity from 0.0 to 10.0 — but a 9.8 doesn't mean exploitable in your app. Here's how the math and priorities really work.
What is EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System)
EPSS scores every CVE's real-world exploit probability. Here's how the FIRST.org model works, how it differs from CVSS, and how to use it to triage faster.
What is an Exploit
An exploit is code that weaponizes a vulnerability. Learn how exploits differ from CVEs, how attackers acquire them, and how to prioritize real exploitation risk.
What is Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
XSS lets attackers inject malicious JavaScript into trusted pages. Learn how stored, reflected, and DOM-based XSS work, real breaches, and defenses.
What is SQL Injection (SQLi)
SQL injection (CWE-89) lets attackers rewrite database queries via untrusted input — here's how SQLi works, its types, severity, and how to prevent it.
How Does SQL Injection Work
A technical walkthrough of how SQL injection works, the main attack variants, real breaches it caused, and how to detect and prevent it.
What is Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
CSRF forges an authenticated request using a victim's own session cookie. Learn how it works, real Gmail/YouTube cases, and how to detect and fix it.
Paragon Partition Manager BYOVD: CVE-2025-0289 Kernel-Level Exploitation
Five vulnerabilities in Paragon Partition Manager's kernel driver were exploited in BYOVD attacks, allowing attackers to gain SYSTEM privileges on Windows systems. Microsoft added the driver to its blocklist.
What is Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
SSRF turns a server's own trusted network position against it. Learn how the Capital One breach happened, real CVEs, and how to detect and prevent it.
What is Remote Code Execution (RCE)
RCE lets attackers run code on your systems remotely, often without login. Learn how it works, real CVE examples, and how to detect it before exploitation.
What is Command Injection
Command injection lets attackers run OS commands through unsanitized input. Learn how it works, real CVEs like Shellshock and PAN-OS, and how to prevent it.
What is Path Traversal
Path traversal (CWE-22) lets attackers escape a web root using ../ sequences to read or write arbitrary files. Here's how it works, real breaches, and fixes.
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