CWE-77 Command Injection: How It Happens and How to Fix It
Shell commands are only one target. Any custom command language can be injected into. Here is how CWE-77 works, what it costs, and how to build commands safely.
Deep dives, practical guides, and incident analyses from engineers who build Safeguard. No fluff, no vendor FUD — just what you need to ship secure software.
Shell commands are only one target. Any custom command language can be injected into. Here is how CWE-77 works, what it costs, and how to build commands safely.
When the second half of an AND or OR does real work, short circuiting can skip it and leave your program in a state nobody tested. Examples, detection and fixes.
Marking a field private does not help if a public method reads or rewrites it without checks. Here is the pattern in Java and how to close it.
A security-relevant field declared public can be read or changed by any code that holds the object. See why private, final and static matter and how to refactor.
Unlocking a mutex or semaphore twice breaks the guarantee it provides. See how double unlocks happen, what they cause, and how to structure code to avoid them.
Locking a resource more times than you unlock it can hang a thread or drain a semaphore pool. Learn the cause and the one rule that prevents it.
Freeing the wrong thing, or freeing the right thing wrongly, corrupts memory. See how CWE-763 groups two bugs, a real CVE, and how to detect and prevent it.
Allocate with new and release with free, or free a stack buffer, and the heap breaks. See the common mismatches, how sanitizers catch them, and how to avoid them.
Calling free on a pointer that has moved into the middle of a heap buffer corrupts memory. See the pattern, how ASan finds it, and the simple fix.
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