Vulnerability Management
In-depth guides and analysis on vulnerability management from the Safeguard engineering team.
100 articles
CVE-2022-1471: Inside the SnakeYaml Deserialization RCE
CVE-2022-1471 scored 9.8 CRITICAL under NIST's CVSS calculation — a single YAML tag could hand attackers remote code execution in any Java app parsing untrusted input.
Prioritizing vulnerabilities by real-world risk, not raw CVSS score
Kenna/Cyentia found just 2.6% of 2019's tracked CVEs were ever actively exploited — yet most teams still triage backlogs by CVSS score alone.
What PHP's use-after-free bugs teach us about dynamic-runtime memory safety
Check Point disclosed three PHP 7 unserialize zero-days in 2016 alone. A decade of PHP use-after-free CVEs shows memory-safety risk doesn't end at the C/C++ boundary.
NVD's enrichment backlog and how to build a multi-source vuln database strategy
NIST enriched 42,000 CVEs in 2025 — 45% more than any prior year — and still fell behind. On April 15, 2026, it stopped trying to enrich everything.
The 10 most common code-level vulnerability classes, ranked by real-world data
MITRE's 2025 CWE Top 25 scored 39,080 CVEs — cross-site scripting still ranks #1, but Missing Authorization jumped five spots. Here's how to prevent each class.
Log4Shell and Spring4Shell, years later: why the same bug keeps coming back
CVE-2021-44228 scored a perfect CVSS 10.0 and hit CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities list the day it was published — the root cause hasn't gone away.
HTTP/2 Rapid Reset: inside CVE-2023-44487
A single HTTP/2 feature let attackers hit 398 million requests per second. Here's how Rapid Reset (CVE-2023-44487) broke nearly every major web server at once.
HTTP/2 CONTINUATION Flood: Inside CVE-2024-27316 and the Frame-Based DoS Class
A single TCP connection with no END_HEADERS flag was enough to crash major HTTP/2 servers — worse than Rapid Reset, and it took the industry a decade to check for it.
Exploitability vs. breakability: a practical rubric for vulnerability triage
CVSS says a flaw could be bad. CISA's KEV catalog, now past 1,300 entries, says one actually was exploited. Most teams still triage as if the two are the same.
CVSS 4.0 vs. 3.1: what actually changed, and why your priority list should too
CVSS 4.0 killed the Scope metric, added Attack Requirements, and split scoring into CVSS-B/BT/BE/BTE labels — here's what that means for triage.
Inside CVE-2023-38545: the libcurl SOCKS5 heap overflow
A single off-by-length check in curl's SOCKS5 handshake, live for over three years across libcurl 7.69.0–8.3.x, earned a 9.8 CVSS score and a CWE-787 out-of-bounds write.
The CUPS RCE Chain: A Technical Breakdown of CVE-2024-47176
Four medium-severity CUPS bugs chained into unauthenticated RCE on UDP/631 — a masterclass in why CVSS scores per-CVE miss the real risk of a vulnerability chain.
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