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Application Security

Python code injection: eval, exec, and pickle explained

eval(), exec(), and pickle.load() can each hand an attacker a Python interpreter — CVE-2020-1747 shows how one unsafe deserialization call became a real RCE.

Jul 8, 20265 min read
Application Security

Command injection in Python: subprocess, os.system, and safe-by-default patterns

os.system() and subprocess.run(shell=True) both hand a string straight to /bin/sh — one unescaped semicolon is enough to run arbitrary commands.

Jul 8, 20266 min read
Application Security

CTF writeup patterns: serialization and cryptographic puzzles, decoded

CVE-2013-0156 let attackers RCE Rails by feeding YAML into a parameter parser — the same insecure-deserialization pattern CTF players train on every weekend.

Jul 8, 20267 min read
Application Security

Dependency injection in Python: a guide to testability and security boundaries

FastAPI shipped a built-in DI container in its very first release in December 2018 — but the same swappability that makes DI testable can quietly ship a mock into production.

Jul 8, 20267 min read
Application Security

DOM clobbering: the XSS attack that never runs a script tag

DOM clobbering lets attackers hijack JavaScript logic using pure HTML — no <script> tag required — and it just bypassed DOMPurify's own sanitizer in 2026.

Jul 8, 20266 min read
Application Security

Designing Secure Fastify Plugin Boundaries

Fastify's encapsulation model isolates plugin state by default — but one `fastify-plugin` wrapper or a stray `skip-override` symbol can silently punch a hole through every boundary you had.

Jul 8, 20267 min read
Application Security

Finding and fixing IDOR vulnerabilities in Python

Broken Object Level Authorization has held the #1 spot on the OWASP API Security Top 10 since 2019 — and Django's get_object_or_404() does nothing to stop it.

Jul 8, 20266 min read
Application Security

Command injection in Go: os/exec, exec.Command, and how it still goes wrong

Go's exec.Command never invokes a shell — yet CWE-78 command injection keeps shipping in Go services. Here's exactly how, and how gosec's G204 rule catches it.

Jul 8, 20266 min read
Application Security

Designing an application security program from first principles

Two backdoors nine years apart — event-stream in 2018, XZ Utils in 2024 — show why code-only AppSec programs fail. Here's a four-layer framework built from scratch.

Jul 8, 20267 min read
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