Vulnerability Analysis
Arbitrary file upload vulnerabilities explained
Arbitrary file upload flaws (CWE-434) have caused breaches from Equifax to GitLab. Here's how they work, the CVEs that prove it, and how to stop them.
Aug 3, 20267 min read
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Directory listing exposure risks explained
Directory listing vulnerabilities expose raw file trees via one misconfigured Apache, Nginx, or IIS directive. Here's how they happen and how to fix them.
Aug 3, 20267 min read
Vulnerability Analysis
Time-of-check to time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition vulnerabilities
TOCTOU race conditions let attackers swap a resource between a security check and its use. Real CVEs, exploit mechanics, and prevention patterns explained.
Aug 2, 20267 min read
Vulnerability Analysis
CVE-2025-59718 in FortiOS: FortiCloud SSO SAML Bypass
An unauthenticated SAML message manipulation lets attackers log in as admin on FortiGate, FortiWeb, and FortiProxy. We unpack the bug and the IR steps.
Aug 2, 20266 min read
Vulnerability Analysis
Buffer overflow vulnerabilities explained
Buffer overflows still make MITRE's CWE Top 25 every year. Here's how they corrupt memory, real CVEs like EternalBlue and Baron Samedit, and how to stop them.
Aug 2, 20266 min read
Vulnerability Analysis
Use-after-free vulnerabilities explained
Use-after-free bugs (CWE-416) power some of the worst zero-day exploit chains in browsers and kernels. Here's how they work and what stops them.
Aug 2, 20267 min read
Vulnerability Analysis
Integer overflow vulnerabilities explained
What integer overflow vulnerabilities are, how CWE-190 causes real breaches like Bitcoin's 2010 overflow bug, and how to detect and prevent them.
Aug 2, 20266 min read
Vulnerability Analysis
Type confusion vulnerabilities explained
Type confusion bugs let attackers corrupt memory by exploiting mismatched type assumptions. See real CVEs, how JIT engines fail, and how to catch it early.
Aug 2, 20266 min read
Vulnerability Analysis
Format string vulnerabilities explained
Format string bugs let attackers turn a printf call into memory disclosure or arbitrary writes. Here's how CWE-134 works, real CVEs, and fixes.
Aug 2, 20266 min read
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